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KMID : 1124020180340040149
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Korean Social Security Studies
2018 Volume.34 No. 4 p.149 ~ p.177
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A Comparative Study on the Social Policy of Australia and New Zealand after the Economic Crisis
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Suh Yong-Suk
Eun Min-Su
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Abstract
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The study sought to identify the similarities and differences of strategies between Australia and New Zealand in the face of two major economic crises in the 1980s and 2008 when they diverged from traditional wage-earner welfare state models. The particular focus was on identifying short-term and long-term policy differences by political factors as well as economic constraints for social policy responses to the economic crisis. According to the study, the two countries shared their social policy and crisis response strategies: abolishing the award wage after the economic crisis, change to workfare, and strengthening of family-centered welfare. Australia’s consensual and pragmatic approach, the refrainment of radical reforms due to the federal and bicameral systems, the partnership of labor union and Labor parties, familism based on patriarchal paternalism, directly influenced the redesign of the Australian welfare model. But New Zealand’ zero-sum politics by Labor party and National party, Labor party’s weak links with Labor union, a relatively strong liberal tradition influenced the restructuring of the New Zealand welfare model. Except for the exceptional measures of New Zealand Labour in the 1980s, left-wing regimes generally chose expanding responses, while Conservative governments tended to introduce expenditure cuts in crisis response. In conclusion, the case in Australia and New Zealand shows that political ideology and political importance can be maximized in small welfare countries.
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KEYWORD
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wage earner welfare state, economic crisis, labor party, national party, conservative coalition, patriarchal paternalism
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